Friday Findings (emphasis on storytelling)
In 3-year task, Madison volunteer transcribes nearly 1,000 Civil War letters for computer age
This newspaper article from Madison, CT, USA, describes the efforts of several volunteers who are transcribing Civil War letters contained in the town’s archives. George Morrissey, Charlotte Neely, Nancy Farnam, and Loma Corcoran are organizing the letters into plastic binders and then transcribing them.
One of the most interesting features of the letters is that the correspondence written by the women of the family uses a particular “criss-cross” form of writing. That is, the letter writer goes both horizontally and vertically across the page, so that after reading the horizontal lines, the reader must turn the letter the other way and read the vertical lines which are imposed on top of the other writing. “It’s very difficult to learn to read,” says Morrissey.
Both Morrissey and Neely describe how caught up they become in the stories the letters tell:
“I find the letters so interesting when they write about who is sick and who’s been disabled during the war,” she [Neely} says. “Because they wrote every day, you get so caught up in the story, and then after reading about their lives for a while, you come upon a letter that talks about that person dying, and it’s like you lost a friend. Really, it becomes so real.”
For those who don’t write about their lives because “nothing important or interesting has ever happened to me,” this article underscores the significance and interest that seemingly simple details of ordinary lives carry for later generations.
New Study by Olin College Professor Suggests that Changing Our Personal Story Can Change Our Mental Health
A new study by a professor at Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering suggests that the stories we tell ourselves when we reflect on the challenges in our lives can play a major role in improving our mental health, particularly when we interpret our life as the product of our own actions.
Jonathan M. Adler, assistant professor of psychology at Olin College and author of the study, says that although we cannot control everything that happens in our lives, we can determine how we make sense out of our lives. The results of the study are published in the February issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
According to Adler, the study offers a new tool for personal empowerment and mental health improvement, as individuals remake their view of themselves as active agents in their lives by interpreting key events. “The results indicate that individuals begin to tell new stories and then live their way into them,” said Adler.
The life stories we tell about ourselves not only explain what has happened to us in the past but also shape the people we become in the future. Changing our stories truly can change our lives.
How narratives can aid memory
We humans have an innate affinity for stories. We tell stories to create our sense of identity and to communicate that identity to others. We also tell stories to explain the world we live in and our personal experiences of that world. This article in the U. K. Guardian explains how to use narrative as a memory aid:
Whether you wish to learn a set of directions, a recipe, the events during an historical epoch or the members of the cabinet, imposing a story line over what you wish to learn is a wonderfully simple and powerful way of binding the ideas together in a manner that allows easy and enjoyable recollection.
* * *
Stories make learning connections easier because they make what happens next feel like it’s inevitable. Each item seems to be incomplete without all the others. In this way, stories generate context and momentum, and they bring closure, telling your brain when it’s done.
Your Storytelling Brain
We crave stories “from about the age of two onward”:
Some of us might get a bit finicky in later years about which stories we allow to seduce us, and how many spoonfuls of critical reflection we want along with our dose of narrative intoxicant, but there’s no getting around it: humans love stories. In fact, in some fundamental sense, we need them.
So great is our need for story that we make up whatever is necessary to fill in a narrative:
Cognitive science has long recognized narrative as a basic organizing principle of memory. From early childhood, we tell ourselves stories about our actions and experiences. Accuracy is not the main objective – coherence is. If necessary, our minds will invent things that never happened, people who don’t exist, simply to hold the narrative together.
This article contains a short video by Michael Gazzaniga, a cognitive neuroscientist and the author of Who’s in Charge?:
Gazzaniga suspects that narrative coherence helps us to navigate the world – to know where we’re coming from and where we’re headed. It tells us where to place our trust and why. One reason we may love fiction, he says, is that it enables us to find our bearings in possible future realities, or to make better sense of our own past experiences. What stories give us, in the end, is reassurance. And as childish as it may seem, that sense of security – that coherent sense of self – is essential to our survival.
Emotional Response to News Depends on How the Story is Framed
Glen Cameron and Hyo Kim, researchers from the University of Missouri, have studied how corporations can use the human desire for story to frame themselves in a favorable light during a crisis:
One group read an “anger-frame” story that blamed the organization for the crisis. Another group read a “sadness-frame” story that focused on the victims and how they were hurt by the crisis.
Investigators learned that those who read the “anger-frame” story read the news less closely and had more negative attitudes toward the company than those exposed to the “sadness-frame” story.
* * *
Cameron and Hyo Kim also found that a corporate response to a crisis that focuses on the relief and wellbeing of the victims tends to improve the public’s perceptions of the corporation as compared to the message focusing on the law, justice, and punishment.
The researchers’ conclusion: “If the news coverage remains “sadness-framed,” public perception will stay more positive.”
Friday Findings
Our Memories, Our Selves
Memory has been in the news a lot recently. In The Story of the Self, psychologist Charles Fernyhough discusses autobiographical memory, the type of memory that fuels the life story we tell to define ourselves. He wonders how accurate our autobiographical memories are and argues for the possibility that we may distort our autobiographical memories to create the self-story that we want to hear and tell. But regardless of the accuracy of our memories, they serve a useful purpose. Fernyhough concludes that we should value memory “as a means for endlessly rewriting the self.”
Why Are Older People Happier? asks:
Older people tend to be happier. But why? Some psychologists believe that cognitive processes are responsible — in particular, focusing on and remembering positive events and leaving behind negative ones; those processes, they think, help older people regulate their emotions, letting them view life in a sunnier light. “There is a lot of good theory about this age difference in happiness,” says psychologist Derek M. Isaacowitz of Northeastern University, “but much of the research does not provide direct evidence” of the links between such phenomena and actual happiness.
A recent article in Perspectives on Psychological Science, a journal published by the Association for Psychological Science, calls for more rigorous testing to document whether older people’s memories produce happiness and, if so, how this process works.
Finally, in Put your memory to the test in our online experiment, the U. K. Guardian invites you to participate in a study that will give you the chance to participate in and learn about a typical laboratory memory experiment and its impact on advancing knowledge about the topic.
With this project, we are taking our research out of the laboratory and into the home of every interested reader to help us capture a broad range of features of long-term memory and at the same time provide an insight into memory research.
We want to demonstrate how fascinating memory can be. . . .
The Mind-Body Connection
When something goes wrong in the human body, modern medicine’s approach is usually to cut it out or medicate in. Pitt’s Little Lab strives to enhance body’s own healing describes the work of Steven Little at the University of Pittsburgh’s Swanson School of Engineering. Little, who has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, studies ways “to enhance the body’s already highly intelligent healing mechanisms.”
Much of his lab’s work is focused on developing synthetic substances that can deliver drugs or natural substances inside the body at precise places and times.
Little, age 34, recently received the Young Investigator Award for 2012 from the Society for Biomaterials.
Heart Attack Risks Soar for Grieving Loved Ones presents new evidence that dying of a broken heart is not a metaphor but a description of how the body reacts to grief. In a study published in the American Heart Association’s journal Circulation researchers reported that people grieving the death of a close loved one could have a heart attack risk that is 20 times higher than normal:
The authors calculated the risk of a heart attack as 21 times higher in the first day after the loss of a loved one, and six times higher during the week after such a loss.
While earlier studies have shown that correlation between grief and heart attack lasts over time, this study is one of the first to document that the risk of heart attack increases so sharply immediately after the death of a loved one. Although “grief-related heart attack is still a relatively rare occurrence, compared with other triggers such as physical activity or episodes of anger,” it is common enough to warrant consideration after a significant death, the article warns.
Finally, Power of Mom’s Voice Silenced by Instant Messages presents evidence that texting is not as effective as voice communication in allaying stress:
When girls stressed by a test talked with their moms, stress hormones dropped and comfort hormones rose. When they used IM, nothing happened. By the study’s neurophysiological measures, IM was barely different than not communicating at all.
Results of the study were published in the January issue of Evolution and Human Behavior. According to the study’s lead author, Leslie Seltzer of the University of Wisconsin, “the results suggest that mom’s voice — its tones and intonations and rhythms, known formally as prosodics — trigger soothing effects, rather than what she specifically says.”
Friday Findings
Patrick Swayze’s widow writes memoir, ‘Worth Fighting For’
Lisa Niemi Swayze, widow of actor Patrick Swayze, has written a new memoir, Worth Fighting For: Love, Loss and Moving Forward (Atria). The book approaches the story of the actor’s 21-month battle with pancreatic cancer from her own viewpoint, that of the caregiver:
Revisiting the raw truth in print form was certainly “very tough,” says Niemi Swayze, 55, who co-wrote Patrick’s autobiography, The Time of My Life, published just after he died on Sept. 14, 2009, at age 57. “I felt totally worthless, a sniveling piece of wet grass, incapable, weak and ineffective — and somehow I managed to write a book. And that’s just by digging your nails in and crawling out of bed some days — taking the steps.” But the hardest part was reconstructing “the good stuff,” she says.
Yet putting the whole experience down on paper was necessary, she says. And she hopes that reading about her experiences can help other people in a similar situation.
“If you can’t take some of the worst things that happened to you in life and do something constructive with it, then in a way, you’re dishonoring the experience,” says Niemi Swayze.
A Secret, A Kiss: ‘The Moment’ Your Life Changed
NPR reports on a new book that has grown out of Smith Magazine‘s popular series on six-word memoirs. Knowing that many important life stories require more than six words, the magazine’s editors have published The Moment: Wild, Poignant, Life-Changing Stories from 125 Writers and Artists Famous and Obscure, a collection of 125 life-changing stories.
Read an excerpt here.
Profile: Why memoir writer Deb Moore enjoys telling stories of others’ lives
Michigan resident Deb Moore has devoted her life to preserving all sorts of memories:
She writes peoples’ memoirs for a living, interviewing folks about their lives, then preserving the stories in hard-bound books.
She interviews area veterans about their war stories on video for the Veterans History Project through the Library of Congress, so future generations can know their tales.
She has chronicled the history of Holland Public Schools, Catholic Central and West Catholic, First (Park) Congregational Church. Her articles about local history have been published in history magazines and her work lauded by Grand Rapids city historian Gordon Olson and Grand Rapids Diocesan archivist the Rev. Dennis Morrow.
Moore also was a prominent member of the S.O.U.L. of Philanthropy project, interviewing leading Grand Rapids philanthropists for a video shown on local public television.
The former teacher now runs a memoir business, called The Stories of Your Life. Most of her clients are older adults:
Life review is healthy for an older person, she says.
“Often, they’re depressed. They think, ‘I’m a burden. Nobody needs me.’ Then, they look at their life and see the vibrant, important, vital things they did in life.
“They say, ‘I guess there were happy times. I contributed to society.’ It’s affirming.”
Moore encourages people to write down their family stories because, if they don’t, those stories will be lost in two generations.
“She thinks any story is important, no matter how mundane or unsavory,” Kerai [Moore's daughter] says. “She wants people to be proud about the life they’ve lived, the legacy they leave, the things they’ve done.
The Narrative Paradigm and the New Year
Psychiatrist Lewis Mehl-Madrona believes that
all things human exist in the form of stories. Our brain stores and manages information in a storied form. We communicate most effectively with others through telling stories. We live our lives through the performance of roles that we come to understand through listening to stories that inform us about how we are supposed to live. We change through hearing stories about other people’s lives and trying them on for our lives to see if we could do what the hero in the story did.
In psychotherapy Mehl-Madrona therefore avoids giving advice to people; instead, he helps them understand the stories that other people have told them and that they tell about themselves:
If we’re shaped through stories and stories shape our brains (through in part our performance of the roles taught to us by those stories), then there are no diagnoses, . . . no defective people, just stories that work better or worse depending upon the circumstances and the situation. Our job becomes helping people become aware of the stories that are shaping them and influencing them. Then we can learn how to change those stories.
Although Mehl-Madrona avoids jargon, he’s describing what psychologists call narrative identity theory, the belief that we create our sense of identity through the stories that we tell about ourselves. But other people can also contribute to our sense of personal identity through the stories that they tell us about ourselves–for example, the teacher who told us we couldn’t sing or the parents who said we were the pretty one while our sister was the smart one. When we incorporate such negative aspects into our self-story, life can become difficult. But we can often be helped by examining and revising that story, as Mehl-Madrona describes very well in this article.
The start of a new year could be a good time to take a good look at our self-defining story. Often, we can gain a new perspective on our lives by revising our story.
Friday Findings
Friday Findings is taking this week off in honor of the winter holidays.
Season’s greetings and best wishes for peace and joy in 2012 to all!
Life Narratives in the News: Stories of Ordinary Lives
The Lives They Lived – Interactive Feature – NYTimes.com
The New York Times features “lives with an untold tale”:
For storytelling expertise, we enlisted Ira Glass and his team from “This American Life” to edit a special section devoted to ordinary people. And through social media, we put out a request to readers for pictures of loved ones. Samples of the hundreds of submissions we received are beautiful evidence that every life is a story worth remembering.
Friday Findings
If your life is anything like mine, you’re swamped with holiday preparations and festivities right now. This week’s Friday Findings is therefore an abbreviated post.
There have been a lot of recent news stories about life narratives.
Living Through Literacy: SVSU student founds organization to record stories of hospice patients focuses on Jamie Wendorf, a Michigan college student who started the program Living Through Literacy, which helps hospice patients produce end-of-life narratives. The information here would be helpful to anyone wishing to start a similar program.
In Best story to give for Christmas: Your own, Lee Duran, a columnist for the Globe of Joplin, MO, USA, offers this advice:
For Christmas 2012, there could be no better present for those we love than stories about the times and the events that made us who we are. If you have doubts, think about all those questions you wish you’d asked but never did. Spare someone you love the same mistake. That someone will be very happy you did.
In Swimming Against the Current: Life Stories Dr. Jesus P. Estanislao writes that everyone should write a life story by answering only three basic questions:
- What did I do right?
- What did I do wrong?
- What have I really learned from life?
Further, he suggests choosing only three events for each answer. Limiting answers in this way encourages people to focus on the most meaningful aspects of their lives.
Finally, in Interview: Laura B. Hayden, Author of Staying Alive: A Love Story, Hayden discusses the book she wrote to help her cope with the unexpected death of her husband after heart surgery.
Friday Findings
The aging brain
“Aging is not a mild form of dementia,” says cellular neurobiologist John Morrison, who specializes in aging. Until recently, many scientists thought brain cells died as we aged, shrinking our brains and shedding bits of information that were gone forever. Newer findings indicate that cells in disease-free brains stay put; it’s the connections between them that break. With this new perspective has come an explosion of research into how we can keep those connections, and our brain function, intact for longer.
The Washington Post presents a special section on the aging brain. This link will take you to an illustration of the areas of the brain and advice on how to slow the effects of aging. There are also links to three related articles:
- Jane Goodall on how chimps and humans age
- Tips on how to care for aging parents
- Five tips for navigating Medicare
Healthy Sleep
Sleep is key to memory and to many other facets of good health. This resource, presented by the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School and WGBH Educational Foundation, presents sections on why sleep matters, the science of sleep, and how to get the sleep you need.
Dreams Help Soothe Your Bad Memories
At Scientific American Christie Nicholson reports on some new research on sleep:
Sleep helps us consolidate our memories. Sleep also helps us learn. During REM sleep, which is the dreaming stage of sleep, the brain stops releasing stress chemicals. Now a new study finds that as we dream we can even soothe our stressful associations to certain experiences.
This page contains a podcast.
Child abuse changes the brain
When children have been exposed to family violence, their brains become increasingly ”tuned” for processing possible sources of threat, a new study reports. The findings, reported in the December 6th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, reveal the same pattern of brain activity in these children as seen previously in soldiers exposed to combat.
The study is the first to apply functional brain imaging to explore the impact of physical abuse or domestic violence on the emotional development of children, according to the researchers.
The finding that enhanced reactivity to domestic violence changes the way the brain responds to angry faces may explain why childhood abuse is such a potent environmental risk factors for anxiety and depression that can continue into adulthood. Such changes don’t reflect damage to the brain, but they do represent patterns that influence the brain’s way of adapting to a challenging or dangerous environment.
An Introduction to Psych You Up. Literally.
Maria Konnikova is a woman after my own heart. At Scientific American she has just introduced her new column, Literally Psyched, a “journey of interdisciplinary exploration”:
Here, I propose to use literature and creative inspiration to explore concepts in the psychology of the mind and human thought. To create a place that will blend the world of fiction and non-fiction, that of the literary and the psychological, of artistic inspiration and scientific exploration. To use whatever inspires me—a book, a character, a line, a moment—as a window of insight into the human mind. For who are creative writers but individuals who have dedicated their life and art to observing and chronicling humans as a whole: their interactions, their dreams, their hopes, their disappointments, the full complexity of their internal life?
And, as if her interdisciplinary approach to the areas in which literature (and other creative endeavors) and psychology intersect weren’t enough, she begins this introductory post with a personal story, a narrative anecdote from her own life that illustrates how she has become the person she is.
Literature, psychology, and life narrative all wrapped up together! This is good stuff. I think she’d probably be interested in Literature & Psychology.
Friday Findings: Life Narratives in the News
It’s good to see personal stories getting the media coverage they deserve. This week’s post features some of the news coverage of life stories that I’ve come across in the last week.
In Stories from your Street: Sharing life stories, a television news station covering Albany, NY, USA, reports on a creative writing class offered by a local college professor in a community outreach center. Both city residents and college students participate, and the class has brought these two groups together: “This program is highlighting the space that brings them together, not the distance that keeps them apart.”
Senior Neighbors program director helps people write their life stories features Angela Beairsto, program director at Alexian Brothers Senior Neighbors in downtown Chattanooga, TN, USA. Bearisto particularly enjoys teaching life-writing classes for older adults: “People don’t realize how important it is for them to write about their experiences, to look back and reflect. It’s a legacy for them to pass to their family. It’s their family history.”
Life and Times: Amateur historian made pioneer tales come alive tells the story of Anne Woywitka, a long-time resident of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. Her passion for social history and the experiences of Eastern European pioneers stand out in the essays she wrote for the Alberta Historical Society over more than 30 years:
Academics debated the big questions. Mrs. Woywitka — an amateur historian and volunteer who called Edmonton home for half a century — wrote stories of dugouts and leaky cabins for a historical journal. They were re-printed in school textbooks.
The Salem News of Salem, MA, USA, asserts “Everyone’s life has a story. In “Lives,” we tell some of those stories about North Shore people who have died recently.” Lives: Disability never slowed Bob Rogers tells the story of an eighth grade English teacher who suffered a spinal injury in a skiing accident in 1977. Bob Rogers defied the odds by regaining partial mobility. “Despite being in a wheelchair, Bob Rogers learned how to ski in an adaptive sit-ski, and he even played tennis in a wheelchair.” Later he took part in other adaptive sports programs and became a ski patrol instructor.
Play until you drop, published in a Minneapolis, MN, USA, newspaper, describes how a local musician took a six-month break from performing to write his memoir. He’s now reading from and promoting his book across the state.
The people mentioned in these news stories are not famous, but they all have life stories worth reading. History arises from the piling up of millions of life stories just like these.
Book publication re-lives and relieves workforce trauma as former policeman shares his story
WHEN John Haldane finished with the police force after 32 years, he had seen more trauma and dealt with more intense situations than most of us.
He was discharged suffering post-traumatic stress disorder. He struggled to enjoy life without dwelling on past issues, criminals, victims, crashes, the dead.
From Australia comes this story of how writing helped this former policeman deal with his PTSD. At his wife’s suggestion, Haldane started writing about the bad job-related memories that kept him awake at night.
Over a year of writing Haldane discovered how therapeutic the process was: “It was very cathartic. I found when I got it out of my head it stayed out.”
He has self-published his writings as a book entitled The Man Behind the Uniform. Since the book’s publication Haldane receives almost daily feedback from people in other high-stress jobs—ambulance personnel, fire fighters, soldiers—saying how much reading the book and knowing that they’re not alone has helped them.
Friday Findings
De-stressing: Writer discovers her own way to relax
We’re 20 minutes into “Relaxation Techniques for our Stressful Lives,” and I am staring at the clock and wishing I had my BlackBerry on the table beside me. I am wringing my hands, and my mind begins to wander and wonder how many important calls, texts or story assignments I’m missing. I am missing the point about “relaxation” and skipping straight to “stress.”
Busy newspaper writer Samantha Stephens describes her experience with an adult education class aimed at reducing stress. What she learned is that de-stressing isn’t a “one size fits all” solution. More than the class itself, she enjoyed the after-class get-together:
What I can’t seem to get enough of, however, is good company and great conversation. It may not be yoga or tai chi, but my favorite way to unwind after a busy day is dining out — with friends or alone (if you’re afraid of dining alone, make friends with your bartender or waitress) — and engaging in interesting conversation.
Sure, yoga works for some people. But if you prefer some other method of relaxing, don’t stress over your choice. Just find what works for you, and just do it.
Finding Purpose After Living With Delusion
This New York Times article focuses on Milt Greek, a man living with schizophrenia:
Mr. Greek has learned to live with his diagnosis in part by understanding and acting on its underlying messages, and along the way has built something exceptional: a full life, complete with a family and a career.
He is one of a small number of successful people with a severe psychiatric diagnosis who have chosen to tell their story publicly. In doing so, they are contributing to a deeper understanding of mental illness — and setting an example that can help others recover.
Milt Greek believes that writing about his delusions helps him cope with his illness. But in doing so, he, and others, are bucking the medical system:
Doctors generally consider the delusional beliefs of schizophrenia to be just that — delusional — and any attempt to indulge them to be an exercise in reckless collusion that could make matters worse. There is no point, they say, in trying to explain the psychological significance of someone’s belief that the C.I.A. is spying through the TV; it has no basis, other than psychosis.
Yet people who have had such experiences often disagree, arguing that delusions have their origin not solely in the illness, but also in fears, longings and psychological wounds that, once understood, can help people sustain recovery after they receive treatment. . . .
But until recently patients themselves — that is, nonprofessionals who have lived with hallucinations and delusions — had little more than their own strange story to study, in any detail. Now they have dozens, and Mr. Greek is one of a small number of such “native” theorists who argue that the content of a delusion should not be ignored but engaged, carefully, once a person has his or her hallucinations under control.
There is no cure for schizophrenia, but reading about each other’s life experiences may contribute to an overall plan, along with psychotherapy and medication. that can help people with schizophrenia cope with their condition.
Environmental Boundaries Can Affect Memory
You’ve heard people talk about compartmentalizing different parts of their lives or their experiences. New research suggests that the word compartmentalizing in this situation may not be a metaphor, but a literal description of how the brain treats memories:
“Entering or exiting through a doorway serves as an ‘event boundary’ in the mind, which separates episodes of activity and files them away,” said University of Notre Dame psychologist Dr. Gabriel Radvansky.
“Recalling the decision or activity that was made in a different room is difficult because it has been compartmentalized.”
Results of Radvansky’s research were published recently in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
The Life Reports
In an earlier post (the fourth story) I reported on David Brooks’s request that people over 70 write a brief report of their life so far. In this column Brooks says that “a few thousand people” have submitted their stories and he has been posting them on his blog.
Born in the 1920s and 1930s, most of them learned work habits in an age of scarcity and then got to explore opportunities in an age of growth. Unlike later generations, many of the men went through a phase in which they did physical labor in a factory, even if later they went on to become professionals.
Many of the women were born with limited aspirations and only saw their horizons expanded with feminism. By middle age, people of both sexes were moving freely, assuming there would be a decent job wherever they settled.
“Resilience is a central theme in these essays. I don’t think we remind young people enough that life is hard. Bad things happen,” Brooks writes here. He also admits that the summary statements he offers here tend toward the negative and promises to write about the positive lessons of these life reports in a future column.
Hello Gorgeous! founders write first book
The Beckers [Kim and Mike], founders of Hello Gorgeous!, a nonprofit organization that got its start catering to women with cancer, first out of a single salon and then out of a mobile day spa, have written their first book.
It’s called “A Journey of Faith, Love and Hope” and chronicles the experiences of these women and others whom the organization has served for free.
This article in the South Bend Tribune describes how Kim and Mike Becker have expanded their free services for women with cancer by partnering with about 20 salons in 12 states. “A Journey of Faith, Love and Hope” tells the Beckers’ own story as well as the stories of many of the women they have served:
One client, Linda, wrote in the book that the Hello Gorgeous! experience gave her the courage to celebrate and be a survivor.
“Their kindness and charity created the transition point I so desperately needed,” she wrote, of the Beckers and others they work with, “and I will be forever grateful that our worlds collided.”
Mike said that’s a sentiment the couple hears often.
“We always thought we were going to give them a haircut and a makeover,” he said. “But the change is internal (too). We never expected that.”
Check the article for information on how to find the book.
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